Fire Alarm Systems in Places of Worship: Legislation, Installation, and Best Practices

Places of worship, whether centuries-old cathedrals, modest village chapels, mosques, synagogues, or temples, occupy a unique space in British society. They serve not only as houses of prayer but also as vital community centres, cultural landmarks, and often, as buildings of exceptional architectural or historical value.

The significance of these sites makes fire safety a matter of utmost importance. Fire can devastate not just physical property but also irreplaceable artefacts, works of art, and the intangible heritage that these spaces represent.

However, protecting places of worship from fire poses distinct challenges. These buildings are often architecturally complex, featuring high vaulted ceilings and extensive timberwork. They also frequently have outdated electrical systems. Their age and status as listed or heritage buildings can make installing modern safety systems more complicated than in contemporary structures. Additionally, their usage varies – some experience a steady flow of visitors throughout the week, while others may be empty for days, only filling up with large congregations at weekends or on special occasions.

These factors mean that fire alarm systems for places of worship must be chosen and installed with great care, balancing legal requirements, practicalities and respect for the building’s fabric and spirit.

In this article, we will explore the key considerations involved in fire alarm protection for places of worship in the UK. We will look at the legal background, the process of fire risk assessments, the options for alarm systems, and the specific challenges that these unique buildings present. We will also consider maintenance and repairs, as well as the crucial role of working with fire safety professionals.

Whether you are a vicar, trustee, warden or anyone else responsible for a place of worship, this guide aims to equip you with the knowledge and confidence necessary to ensure the safety of your building and its occupants.

The legal obligations for fire safety in places of worship in England and Wales are principally set out in the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (commonly known as the Fire Safety Order). This comprehensive piece of legislation covers virtually all non-domestic premises, including churches, mosques, temples, synagogues, and other religious buildings.

Under the Fire Safety Order, the person (or persons) in control of the premises — usually referred to as the ‘responsible person’ — must ensure that the building is fire-safe. In practice, this responsibility may lie with the clergy, trustees, churchwardens, property managers or committees.
The law is not prescriptive about exactly who must take charge, but it does make clear that, where more than one person has control, duties are shared and everyone must cooperate.

One of the cornerstone requirements is the completion of a fire risk assessment. This is not a tick-box exercise or a one-off obligation; it is a living document and process that should be reviewed regularly and whenever significant changes are made to the building or its use. The assessment must consider all sources of ignition, fuel, and oxygen, identify the people at risk, evaluate existing fire safety measures, and identify what improvements might be needed. Based on the outcome, appropriate fire safety arrangements – including the selection and installation of a suitable fire alarm system – must be put in place.

It is important to note that compliance with legal obligations is not just about avoiding prosecution or fines (although these can be severe in cases of serious negligence). More fundamentally, it is about the duty of care to those who use, visit, or even simply pass by the building. Undetected fires or delayed evacuations can result in injury or loss of life. The law recognises the particular risks faced by public assembly venues and expects them to demonstrate a high level of diligence.

For places of worship that are also listed buildings or of special architectural interest, there may be additional considerations under planning law, particularly about works that alter the character of the building. In these cases, it is crucial to liaise with conservation officers, diocesan authorities, or other relevant bodies before making any alterations, including the installation of fire detection equipment.

No fire alarm system can be truly effective unless it is chosen as part of a thorough fire risk assessment, no matter how advanced it is. Such an assessment is both a legal requirement and a practical tool. For places of worship, where buildings are often large and complex with irregular usage, a carefully conducted risk assessment is invaluable. A fire risk assessment in a place of worship should start with a careful survey of the building: the layout, construction materials, use of spaces, existing fire safety measures, and means of escape. In older churches or temples, for example, there may be timber roofs, bell towers, galleries, crypts, or outbuildings – all with their unique risks. Modern places of worship, on the other hand, may have open-plan spaces, offices, kitchens, or community halls attached.

The assessment must identify potential ignition sources (such as electrical equipment, candles, heating systems), sources of fuel (pews, hymn books, tapestries, wood panelling), and oxygen (airflow, ventilation). Importantly, it should also consider the patterns of use: Are there times when the building is full, or times when it is empty? Are there vulnerable users, such as children, elderly parishioners, or those with mobility difficulties?

Based on these findings, the assessor will recommend the type of fire alarm system required. Not all places of worship require the same level of protection. Simple manual call points and bells may suffice in some small chapels, but more advanced detection and warning systems will be necessary in others, especially those with sleeping accommodation, multiple levels, or large congregations. The fire risk assessment should be carried out by someone with sufficient knowledge and experience. While there is no legal requirement to use an external assessor, many places of worship benefit from the expertise of a professional, especially when the building is large, complex, or listed.

The assessment must be documented and reviewed regularly, at least once a year or whenever there is a significant change to the building or how it is used.

Once the fire risk assessment is complete, attention turns to the selection of a suitable fire alarm system. This is not a decision to be taken lightly. The system must be effective in detecting fire and providing warning, but it must also respect the character and fabric of the building. Poorly chosen or installed systems can cause damage to historic interiors, prove difficult to maintain, or simply not function as intended in large, acoustically challenging spaces.

The British Standard for fire detection and alarm systems in non-domestic premises is BS 5839-1:2017. This document outlines the categories and grades of fire alarm systems, as well as the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance requirements for each.

The goal in most places of worship is to provide an effective and reliable means of raising the alarm for those inside the building and, where appropriate, for the emergency services. There are three main types of systems to consider:

1. Conventional wired systems use cables to link detectors and call points to a central control panel. These systems are reliable and well-understood, but can be difficult to install in historic buildings, where running cables may cause unacceptable damage.
2. Addressable systems, which are a more sophisticated version of wired systems, allowing individual identification of each detector or call point. These are especially useful in larger or more complex buildings but require careful planning and, again, can be intrusive to install.
3.  Wireless systems, which use radio signals to connect detectors, call points, and sounders. These are increasingly popular in heritage buildings because they minimise the need for cabling and disruption. Modern wireless systems are highly reliable, and their components can often be disguised or painted to blend in with their surroundings.

In certain cases, hybrid systems combining wired and wireless elements may also be appropriate. The choice between wired and wireless systems will depend on the outcome of the fire risk assessment, the construction and layout of the building, budgetary considerations and, in the case of listed buildings, the requirements of conservation authorities.

The acoustic environment of places of worship must also be considered. Stone walls, high ceilings, and large open spaces can make it difficult for sounders or bells to be heard clearly. It may be necessary to use additional sounders, voice alarm systems, or vibrating pagers for those with hearing impairments. The placement of detection devices is equally important: smoke detectors may not function well in dusty or draughty areas, while heat detectors may be preferable in kitchens or boiler rooms.

Ultimately, the right fire alarm system is the one that provides adequate protection without compromising the building’s character, heritage, or everyday use.

Installing a fire alarm system in a place of worship is rarely straightforward. The age, architecture and listed status of the building often require careful consideration of the balance between safety, functionality and aesthetics.

The greatest challenge for many churches, mosques, temples, and synagogues is finding a solution that does not damage or disfigure historic interiors. Cables, trunking and modern devices can be visually intrusive, and even small fixings can cause long-term damage to ancient stonework, timber or plaster. In listed buildings, consultation with the local planning authority or heritage officer, as well as the relevant religious bodies (such as the Diocesan Advisory Committee in the Church of England), may be required for any installation work.

Wireless alarm systems are often the preferred choice in these contexts, as they require little or no wiring. The devices themselves can be located discreetly, painted, or otherwise disguised to blend in with the background. For example, smoke or heat detectors can be installed high in the nave, while manual call points can be positioned near exits in less conspicuous locations.

Attention must also be paid to the specific risks of each area of the building. The bell tower, for example, may be difficult to access but may also present a significant fire risk, especially if it contains electrical equipment or timber structures. Outbuildings, vestries, kitchens, and community rooms may require separate zones or additional detectors.

At the design stage, it is crucial to collaborate with a competent fire alarm installer who is familiar with heritage buildings and the applicable standards. A well-designed system should integrate seamlessly with the existing structure, minimise its visual impact and enable future maintenance without causing unnecessary disruption.

The installation process itself must be carefully managed. Contractors must be briefed about the need to protect historic features, and works must be scheduled to avoid disturbing religious services or events. Dust, debris and vibration must be kept to a minimum, particularly in areas containing sensitive artworks, organs or fixtures.

Modern fire alarm systems offer a wide range of features and options, many of which are particularly useful for places of worship. Understanding these features can help you to make informed choices that will improve safety and support the building’s day-to-day functioning.

Monitoring and remote alerts are now standard in many systems. This means that, if the alarm is activated, a monitoring centre can be notified automatically and the emergency services called, even if the building is empty. This is especially valuable for places of worship, which may not be staffed at all times.

Integration with other systems is another important consideration. In some cases, the fire alarm system can be connected to security alarms, CCTV, or access control systems, providing a joined-up approach to safety and security. Voice alarm systems, or Public Address (PA) systems, can be particularly effective in large or acoustically challenging buildings, providing clear spoken instructions in the event of an emergency.

Wireless and hybrid solutions offer flexibility in installation and expansion. These systems can be adapted as the building’s needs change – for example, if new areas are opened up or if the layout is reconfigured. Some wireless systems use mesh networking to ensure robust communication between devices, even in complex structures.

Specialist options may also be required in certain parts of a place of worship. For example, in organ lofts, kitchens, or boiler rooms, heat detectors may be preferable to smoke detectors, which can be triggered by dust or steam. Vestries, sacristies, or community halls may need their zones or separate alarms.

False alarm management is a key concern in places of worship. Services, rehearsals, cleaning, and events can all create conditions likely to cause false alarms (such as incense, candles, or temporary electrical equipment). Many modern systems include programmable delay options, sensitivity adjustments, and test modes to reduce unnecessary callouts and disruption.

Another point to consider is the needs of disabled people. Where necessary, provision should be made for those with hearing or visual impairments, in the form of visual alarms, vibrating pagers or induction loop connections.

Ultimately, the choice of features and options should be guided by the fire risk assessment and the congregation’s needs. The most important thing is to have a system that is easy to use, reliable, and tailored to the specific requirements of the building and its users.

 

Installing a fire alarm system is only the beginning. For a system to remain effective, it must be regularly maintained, tested, and, when necessary, repaired. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 places a legal duty on the ‘Responsible Person’ to ensure that fire safety systems are kept in good working order. Insurance policies may also require proof of regular maintenance and testing.

Routine maintenance should be carried out by a competent person, usually a professional fire alarm engineer familiar with the system’s specific make and model. Maintenance contracts usually cover scheduled visits for the inspection, cleaning and testing of all devices, such as smoke and heat detectors, manual call points, sounders and control panels. Batteries, especially in wireless systems, must be checked and replaced as needed.

Testing is another critical aspect of system reliability. In most places of worship, it is recommended that the fire alarm system be tested weekly by activating a different manual call point each time. This routine ensures that the alarm is working and that everyone knows what to do if it is activated. Checks of standby power supplies (such as batteries) should also be carried out monthly. Annual servicing by a qualified technician is essential. During this visit, the engineer will check all components, ensure detectors are clean and unobstructed, verify sound levels, test remote signalling (where applicable), and make any necessary adjustments or repairs.

All maintenance, testing, and servicing should be documented in a fire safety logbook, which must be kept on site and available for inspection.

Repairs should be carried out promptly whenever faults are discovered. In older or complex systems, certain parts may become obsolete or difficult to obtain; this should be taken into account when planning upgrades or replacements. A good fire alarm maintenance company will provide advice on system lifespan, component availability, and options for phased replacement or modernisation.

Each place of worship presents its own set of fire safety challenges, depending on its age, construction, usage, and location. However, certain issues recur time and again, and it is worth considering them in detail.

One of the most significant challenges lies in working within heritage and listed buildings. Many places of worship are centuries old and protected by law from unsympathetic alterations. Therefore, installing fire alarm cabling, mounting detectors or fitting control panels must be carried out with great care to avoid damaging valuable features or detracting from the appearance of the building.

Gaining the necessary consents can be a lengthy process involving consultations with diocesan authorities, conservation officers and, sometimes, national bodies such as Historic England. Patience, sensitivity and clear communication are therefore essential.

Physical challenges are also common. High ceilings, bell towers, and inaccessible roof spaces can make it difficult to install or maintain fire alarm devices. Scaffolding or specialist access equipment may be required, adding to the complexity and cost. In some buildings, a lack of power supply in remote areas can make wireless devices especially valuable.

The acoustic environment of large churches and temples is another concern. Sound from alarm bells or sirens may not carry effectively through thick stone walls, up into galleries, or ancillary rooms. Additional sounders or voice alarm systems may be necessary to ensure everyone hears the warning.

The way places of worship are used can also be unusual. Buildings may be empty for days at a time, then suddenly filled with large numbers of people for services, weddings or community events.

Fire alarm systems must function reliably whether the building is full or empty and may require remote monitoring to ensure a prompt response when the building is unoccupied. Managing false alarms can be particularly challenging in these environments. Candles, incense, dust, and even bats or birds can trigger alarms unintentionally. Choosing the right type of detector (for example, using heat rather than smoke detectors in certain areas), setting appropriate sensitivity levels, and providing adequate training for staff and volunteers can help reduce nuisance activations.

Finally, budgetary constraints are a reality for many places of worship. Congregations are often reliant on donations, grants, or limited reserves. It is important to prioritise essential works, seek external funding where possible, and work with providers who understand the need for flexible, cost-effective solutions.

The cost of installing, maintaining and upgrading fire alarm systems in places of worship can vary significantly. This depends on factors such as the size and complexity of the building, the type of system chosen and whether heritage-sensitive installation is required. A small chapel with straightforward requirements, for example, may require only a basic system with manual call points and a few detectors, which would be relatively inexpensive.

However, larger or more complex buildings, especially listed buildings or those with multiple annexes, may require a more advanced (and costly) system, particularly if specialist access or wireless technology is required.

Ongoing maintenance and testing costs must also be factored in. Annual service contracts, battery replacement, and the cost of callouts for repairs are all part of the lifetime cost of a fire alarm system. In older buildings, the need for repairs or replacement parts can become more frequent over time. Many places of worship are eligible for grants or funding to support fire safety improvements. The National Churches Trust, Heritage Lottery Fund, and local diocesan schemes may offer financial assistance, especially where works protect historic or community assets. Insurance providers may also offer discounts or incentives for upgrading fire protection systems.

When budgeting for fire alarm work, it is important to consider not only the initial installation cost but also the total cost of ownership over the system’s expected lifespan. Investing in a high-quality, reliable and easy-to-maintain system can save money and reduce risk in the long term.

Ensuring effective fire alarm protection in a place of worship is a multifaceted task, involving legal compliance, practical decision-making, sensitivity to heritage, and a commitment to ongoing care. The most successful projects start with a thorough risk assessment, are designed and installed by experienced professionals, and are supported by regular maintenance and testing.

Above all, fire safety should be seen as a means of protecting the living heritage and community life of these precious buildings, as well as the bricks and mortar. Investing in appropriate fire alarm systems enables places of worship to continue serving their congregations and communities safely for generations to come.

At AKSA Security, we understand the unique challenges of protecting places of worship from fire. Based in Derby, we have extensive experience working with churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples across Derbyshire, Nottingham, Sheffield, and beyond. Our team is skilled in the installation, maintenance, and repair of fire alarm systems in both modern and historic buildings, with a strong emphasis on heritage sensitivity and best practice.

Whether you are seeking advice, a fire risk assessment, a new installation, or ongoing support, we are here to help. We offer bespoke solutions tailored to the needs of your building and your congregation, and we are always happy to provide a no-obligation consultation.

Would you like to discuss fire alarm protection for your place of worship? If so, please contact us today. Together, we can protect your building and community for the future.

 Author: Adrian Sienkiewicz, Fire And Security Project Manager at AKSA Security

Adrian started his career as an IT Support Engineer but after a while, he moved into the security industry using his experience with IT systems. He started his first security job as a Fire and Security Engineer at ALX Security and then continued as a Fire and Security Project Manager at Bull Security.

During his career, he has worked for SECURIFIX, LASER BEAM and ZICAM GROUP as a Security Engineer, Technical Support and Operations Manager. Adrian has worked on security projects for companies such as DHL, Selco Building Warehouse and Eddie Stobart, installing anti-burglary systems, industrial surveillance and access control systems. He is working on a partnership basis with companies such as Avigilon, Motorola, Honeywell, Texecom, Hikvision, Hanwha, Dahua, Commtel, Paxton and BFT.

Adrian is a certified National Security Industry auditor.